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Tuesday, February 21, 2012

What Is Sinus Bradycardia?

What is sinus bradycardia and where does it start from. Sinus bradycardia starts from the sinus node; it is a heart rhythm and has a rate of fewer than 60 beats per minute (bps). Simple words on what is sinus bradycardia they are the sinus beat when a resting heart strikes 60 bps or even less. The sinus rhythms cause a P-wave on the ECG which means it is normal in terms of both amplitude and vector. They are tagged on with QRS complex and T waves.

A normal baby should have a heart beat of 150 bps; Bradycardia decelerates the premature baby's heart to less than 100 beats per minute. Infection, anemia, change in body temperature, hypoglycemia, airway problems, neurological difficulties are caused due to Bradycardia.

What are sinus bradycardia symptoms?

Sinus bradycardia does not normally have any symptoms. But at times there are indications like dizziness, lightheadedness; exercise intolerance, chest pain and succinctness of breath are seen.

The problems that result due to bradycardia are of two types: they are sinatorial node (SA node) disorder and atrioventricular node (AV node) disorder. The former is called sick sinus syndrome and is due to the weakened conduction of the impulse from the sinus node. The later may result due to weakened conduction in the AV node or even underneath in the bundle of HIS. This may be acquired congenitally (disorder by birth). It is found most commonly in elderly patients.

What is sinus bradycardia cure?

Treatment for asymptomatic patients is not signified, but symptomatic patients should be corrected of underlying electrolyte and acid base disorder. Intravenous atropine gives relief temporarily. Previously isoproterenol was used in patients with bradycardia, but due to the increase in risk its usage has been lessened. Temporary pacing also is recommended for patients who are not responsive to atropine although transcutaneous pacing is the primary choice for physicians.

The medication techniques include therapy and supratherapeutic doses of digitalis glycosides, beta-blockers and calcium channel blocking agents. Cardiac drugs are also used.


Friday, February 17, 2012

Introduction to Creativity and Creative thinking

You often hear the term "Creative Genius" when referring to an individual who has created something extraordinarily different. Whether it's a new fashion line, cooking a meal a different way, designing an ad, or developing the next social network. It's dynamite! It's electric! It's inspired! What ever your definition, you want it but you don't think you have it. The first step in understanding a creative mind is knowing that you have the potential to have one.

Experiments show that 80% of children, before entering school, use their right brain skills such as creativity and imagination. Once in school, the programs used to educate children place a higher value on the left brain skills - such as mathematics, logic, and language. By age 7, only 10% of these same children will rank highly creative. By adulthood, only 2% remain highly creative.

Ask the right questions. Lets explore this 2%. What is creativity? To me creativity is exploring the possibilities of "what if"- what if I use a different color or font. What if I used a new flavor I never used before. What if I use a different shape- it's asking yourself the right questions that expand your possibilities to solve daily problems while never allowing yourself to go down that dark road towards tunnel vision.

For example, lets take creating a website for a client. These are some questions that I may ask myself:

What's the trend for this industry?-its very important to see what the competition is doing and what the market trends are. Do some research.
How can I make this stand out above the competition?
How can I expand on the uniqueness of the product?
What imagery could I use that would be catchy but yet represent the message?
What layout could I create? Instead of laying out the website like the competition, try different ways to lay it out.

Don't expect creative genius to happen with the first go around. There will be times you will need to go back to the drawing board and rethink, reshape, reposition things to make it work. The important thing is not to get discouraged; forge ahead and you will see the rewards.

The Future. Creativity is based on the premises that everything can and will continually get better. Making life more comfortable, efficient, and exciting. Creative minds are constantly following market trends trying to see what direction it will take. By doing this it puts you ahead of the creative game.

Progression. Webster defines it as gradual advancement, moving forward and onward. Creative minds always have the mind set of always moving forward. Always looking beyond the current situation. They realize they can always improve the situation.

Abstract Thinking. Characterized by the ability to use concepts and to make and understand generalizations, properties, or patterns shared by a variety of specific items or events. For example a concrete thinker may see just an apple, while an abstract thinker will see what he can do with the apple. Concrete thinkers are surface thinkers while abstract thinkers are more in-depth. By thinking this way it allows you to approach situations from different angles allowing yourself to see the potential in all areas.

Positive Thinking. Not only does positive thinking reduce stress and increases health, but it allows you to see the good in everything. Being optimistic about the way you think creates an incubator for creativity to nurture and grow. It's been proven that positive thinking people are happier. As Winston Churchill says "A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty". Positive thinking is what makes creative minds shine above the rest.

Take Risks. Creative minds are open minded people. They thrive on taking risks. Picasso has said "I am always doing that which I cannot do, in order that I may learn how to do it". That is what life is all about, venturing into the unknown to see and learn the possibilities it may hold. According to a study conducted by the University of Bonn, out of 20,000 people surveyed, the ones who enjoyed taking risks were more content and happy with their lives. Another study by psychologists Dellas and Gaier, in their frequently cited review, "creative individuals have less fear than the average person of making mistakes, of social disapproval, or 'the anxiety of separateness.' They have a strong enough ego to admit when they're wrong or in trouble, and to analyze and learn from their errors." A well- known psychoanalyst and author named Roolo May (Courage to Create, Love and Will), observed: "Creative persons are precisely those that take the cards that make them anxious.

Of course, they're constantly shuffling these cards; they hate standing still. You could say these folks really do best playing with a loose deck." So in short, you will never know the rewards if you don't take the risk.

Have Fun. Creative people by nature are fun people to be around, they keep things interesting and exciting. They're usually the life of the party, always coming up with wacky ways to do things. Aside from the day to day grind, make sure you set time aside to have fun! Explore new hobbies you have always thought about doing, read a book you are interested in, vacation to a place you have been thinking about, do a family activity that creates great memories for everyone. Whatever it is that you like to do; do it! And do it regularly! It's a great way to relieve stress and clear your mind; and with a clear mind comes creativity.

So now that you know what creativity is, you may ask yourself "Where do I start?" Through my years of experience within the creative service field, I've come up with several things that may help you regain your creative status. So the next time someone says "creative genius" they're referring to you.

Step 1: Start with the basics

It's like building a house, you need a firm and solid foundation first, before you can build the rest. Same with creative thinking; laying a solid foundation of basic creative principles will allow you to have a solid house of creative thinking.

Exercise #1-When was the last time you laid on the lawn, stared up at the sky, and tried to find images in cloud formations? If you haven't done it since you where a child I suggest you stop reading right now and go outside and do it.

Starting with the basics means that-starting with the basics as a child would. Things, places, colors, and shapes are seen differently from a child's abstract point of view than an adults. Most children are not concrete thinkers they don't just see a cloud, they see dragons, butterflies, dogs, and bunnies-children are great resources when it comes to understanding basic creative principles.

"As a child we saw clouds, painted across the sky, as our first creative inspiration. Today let us not forget that lesson learned; for he who sees inspiration in something as simple as a cloud, has laid the foundation for him self to see inspiration in all things."

Exercise #2-Experimentation has shown that the two different sides, or hemispheres, of the brain are responsible for different manners of thinking. The following list illustrates the differences between left-brain and right-brain thinking:

Left Brain-logical, sequential, rational, analytical, objective, mechanical

Right Brain-creativity, random, intuitive, risk taker, artisitic, subjective, abstract thinking

So lets tap into the right side of the brain. Take a coloring book and being as creative as you can, color the picture. But don't color the sky blue because that's how your left brain would color it, color it how your right brain would (pink, orange, purple, any color); add things to the picture that aren't originally there, a rainbow, birds, trees, etc. Let you mind wonder! There's no wrong way to being creative, it's how you see it or want to see it.

These basic exercises will help train your right side of the brain and spark a hidden creative energy that will be unstoppable.

Step#2: Awareness

A misunderstood myth is that creative people can pull ideas out of thin air. This is hardly ever true, most of the time creativity is based on something they've seen, smelt, touched, heard, or tasted. They become very in tune with their five senses allowing them to be aware of their surroundings. We call this our "source". Creative minds always have a source that triggers creativity, and we usually have more than one source to fit any situation. You need to find your creative sources.

As you do you may ask yourself some simple questions:
What is it that I like about this?
What situations could this help me with?
What sense does this apply to?

Once you've found your source, start collecting or keeping a journal of your finds. For example, when I see a website design I like I usually will archive it for a later date. I'll also collect magazine ads, pictures, and articles that spark my interest. By keeping a collection or journal of what you find, this will allow you to lay the ground work to creativity, with the only thing to add is your own creative flare.

Exercise #1: Blindfold yourself while having someone place food items in front of you. Try and guess what they are. Do the same exercise with sound, smell, and touch.

Exercise #2: A creative person has a great memory which allows them to recall their sources at any given time. To practice, take a picture of something- anything. It could be boring or interesting, study it for 3-5 minutes. Once 3-5 minutes are up, turn the picture over, on a piece of paper write down what you've seen. But just don't say trees, rocks, leaves, be specific. How many trees, what kind of trees are they, what color are the leaves, what season is it, what size of rocks are present, are they boulders or pebbles or both, be as detailed as you possibly can. Once you've mastered 3-5 min, up the ante by doing it for 1 or 2 minutes. This exercise will teach you to use your memory quickly in any situation.

Saturday, February 11, 2012

What Cuases Stillbirth and Miscarriages?

Miscarriages and Stillbirths:
Miscarriages are medically referred to as spontaneous abortions. This term is used to describe the loss of a fetus in the first half of pregnancy (before 20 to 24 weeks). After this time, if a baby dies in a mother's uterus on or after the 24 week mark, it is known as a stillbirth.

Both events can be devastating for prospective parents, so understanding the causes, what precautions can be taken and how to deal with the feeling of loss caused by a miscarriage or stillbirth is vital.

In this section we look at: the risks of miscarriage and stillbirths, possible causes, and what diagnosis can be given for miscarriages and stillbirths.

What Causes Miscarriages?
Women can miscarry for various reasons. Most of the early miscarriages occur when the embryo fails to attach to the wall of the uterus because the lining isn't prepared for implantation or because the embryo has severe chromosomal or developmental defects. The presence of an autoimmune disorder, severe infection or illness, or an abnormality in the shape of the womb may also occasionally lead to miscarriage. If the embryo is exposed to so-called 'teratogenic' substances (e.g. x-rays, certain medications or drugs) within the first two weeks of conception, then either a very early miscarriage will take place or the pregnancy will go ahead as normal and the child will not have been damaged. The cause of most miscarriages, however, is not known.

Later miscarriages can be caused by problems such as genetic or chromosomal defects; abnormalities of the uterus (for example, a subdivided/septate uterus) or of the placenta; severe illness; metabolic disease in the mother (diabetes or thyroid problems); bacterial or viral infections (e.g. toxoplasmosis and listeriosis); or incompetence of the cervix.

The chances of a woman miscarrying increase with age, and also (but less so) with the number of previous pregnancies. As miscarriage is common, affecting nearly 15% of clinically recognised pregnancies, many women may have a miscarriage if they have enough pregnancies. Thus, a history of miscarriage doesn't really make it any more likely that you'll go on and miscarry again. It's advisable, however, to wait at least three months before attempting to conceive after a miscarriage, as the uterus lining needs some time to recover.

Rarely, some women have what is known as recurrent miscarriage, but this refers to those with three or more consecutive miscarriages. This is sometimes due to a medical reason such as one of the parents carrying a predisposition to chromosome problems in the baby, or the mother having an autoimmune problem or an abnormally shaped uterus. The majority of women who miscarry go on to have a successful next pregnancy.

The most common symptoms of miscarriage are similar to those of a period and are bleeding (which occurs in 95% of cases), possibly with clots, and/or cramp-type pain.

Stillbirth/ Intrauterine Deaths:
Stillbirth is the delivery of a dead fetus in the last half of pregnancy. In Ireland, it is still defined as delivery after 24 weeks, whereas increasingly a definition of delivery after 20 weeks is used. Stillbirth is also sometimes referred to as late fetal death or intrauterine death.

Sadly, the exact cause of stillbirth remains unknown in over 30% of cases. In the rest of the cases, stillbirth may be due to poor fetal growth, severe fetal abnormality, placental problems, pre-eclampsia, uncontrolled diabetes, severe cases of Rhesus incompatibility, infections, antepartum haemorrhage and post-maturity. This is one reason why obstetricians usually recommend induction of labour at term (from 38 weeks) if there are problems in the pregnancy.

How common is it? The incidence of stillbirths in Westernised countries is fortunately declining, having fallen from around 2% in the UK in the 1950s to 0.3% in the early 1990s. Stillbirths tend to be more common in deprived communities, in older women and in women who receive poor care during their pregnancy.

What are the signs? If the baby has died movements stop, the uterus may also start to shrink and there is weight loss.

Stillbirth is often preceded by a reduction in fetal movements in the days or week before the baby dies inside the womb. For this reason, if you're over 30 weeks pregnant, it's important to report any major reduction in the frequency of movements over a period of a day or so to your healthcare professional.

Often when you feel no movements, your baby will be shown to be moving when tested in hospital. But some babies will show signs of distress, and can be saved by early delivery.

Try to familiarise yourself with your baby's movements and contact your healthcare professional without delay if you don't feel anything for six to eight hours.

Although labour will follow naturally within a few days to weeks after the death of the baby, in the majority of cases women prefer to have labour induced straight away. Caesarean sections are not normally carried out, so that the mother isn't subjected to an unnecessary operation. Counselling and support will be provided and every effort will be made to try and discover the cause.

Thursday, February 09, 2012

Medical Comics: US Teen Pregnancies At 40-Year Low



Wednesday, February 08, 2012

How Does the Face Age - what is actually happening that makes us look older?



Chun Chun is the Heaviest Newborn in the World

Chinese mother has given birth to a 15.52 pound baby.

A mother in central China has given birth to a 15.52 pound (7.04 kilogram) baby, possibly the largest newborn on record since the country's founding in 1949.

The state-run Tianjin Post said Tuesday that the 29-year-old mother in Henan province gave birth to the boy Saturday by cesarean section. It said delivery took just 20 minutes and both mother and the baby, named Chun Chun, are doing fine.

The paper said Chun Chun s parents are average size and there was nothing unusual about his mother s pregnancy or diet.

The paper said it wasn t immediately clear whether Chun Chun made China s record books.Guinness World Records says the heaviest newborn ever recorded was born to an Ohio woman in 1879 and weighed 23.7 pounds (10.77 kilograms).