THROMBOSIS

THROMBOSIS

Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. When a blood vessel is injured, the body uses platelets and fibrin to form a blood clot, because the first step in repairing it (hemostasis) is to prevent loss of blood. If that mechanism causes too much clotting and the clot breaks free, an embolus is formed. Thromboembolism is both thrombosis and its main complication, which is embolization.

Causes;

1. Hypercoagulability 2. Endothelial cell injury

2. Disturbed blood flow

Classification:

There are two distinct forms of thrombosis, each of which can be presented by several subtypes.

Venous thrombosis:

Venous thrombosis is the formation of a thrombus (blood clot) within a vein. There are several diseases which can be classified under this category:

Deep vein thrombosis;

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the formation of a blood clot within a deep vein. It most commonly affects leg veins, such as the femoral vein. Three factors are important in the formation of a blood clot within a deep vein—these are the rate of blood flow, the thickness of the blood and qualities of the vessel wall. Classical signs of DVT include swelling, pain and redness of the affected area.

Portal vein thrombosis

Portal vein thrombosis is a form of venous thrombosis affecting the hepatic portal vein, which can lead to portal hypertension and reduction of the blood supply to the liver.

Renal vein thrombosis:

Renal vein thrombosis is the obstruction of the renal vein by a thrombus. This tends to lead to reduced drainage from the kidney.

Jugular Vein Thrombosis:

Jugular Vein Thrombosis is a condition that may occur due to infection, intravenous drug use or malignancy.