Neoplasia (tumors) are abnormal tissue proliferations, which develop exceeding normal tissue, uncoordinated with it. This uncontrolled tissue growing may continue even after cessation of the etiologic factor (self-maintained). The structure of a tumor (neoplasia) : parenchyma (tumor cells derived from previously normal cells) and stroma (vessels and connective tissue), in variable proportions.
Classification and nomenclature of tumors
| Tumours composed of one parenchymal cell type | Benign | Malignant |
| 1. Epithelial tumours |
| Stratified squamous epithelium | Squamous cell papilloma | Squamous cell carcinoma |
| Basal cells of skin or adnexa | Seborrheic keratosis | Basal cell carcinoma |
| Glands or ducts | - Adenoma (adenomatous polyp)
- Cystadenoma
| - Adenocarcinoma
- Papillary carcinoma
- Cystadenocarcinoma
|
| Respiratory tract epithelium |
| Bronchogenic carcinoma |
| Neuroectoderm | Melanocytic nevus | Malignant melanoma |
| Renal epithelium | Renal tubular adenoma | Renal cell carcinoma |
| Liver cells | Liver cell adenoma | Hepatocellular carcinoma |
| Bile ducts | Billiary adenoma | Bile duct carcinoma |
| Urinary tract epithelium (transitional) | Transitional cell papilloma | Transitional cell carcinoma |
| Placental epithelium - gestational trophoblast | Hydatidiform mole | Gestational choriocarcinoma |
| 2. Mesenchymal tumours |
Conjunctive tissue and derivatives :- fibroblasts
- lipoblasts
- chondroblasts
- osteoblast
|
- Fibroma
- Lipoma
- Chondroma
- Osteoma
|
- Fibrosarcoma
- Liposarcoma
- Chondrosarcoma
- Osteogenic sarcoma
|
Endothelium and relative tissues :- blood vessels
- lymphatic vessels
- synovia
- mesotelium
- meninge
|
- Hemangioma
- Lymphangioma
- Solitary fibrous tumour of the pleura
- Meningioma
|
- Angiosarcoma
- Lymphangiosarcoma
- Synoviosarcoma
- Malignant mesothelioma
- Invazive meningioma
|
Blood cells :- hematopoietic cells
- lymphoid tissue
|
|
- Leukemias
- Malignant lymphomas (Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas)
|
| Muscle fibers : |
|
- Leiomyosarcoma
- Rhabdomyosarcoma
|
| Tumours with different types of cells from the same germ layer - mixed tumours | Benign | Malignant |
| Salivary glands | Pleomorphic adenoma (Mixed tumour of salivary gland origin) | Malignant mixt tumour of salivary gland origin |
| Breast | Fibroadenoma | Malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes |
| Nephroblastem (metanephric blastema) |
| Nephroblastoma (Wilms' tumor) |
| Tumours with different types of cells derived from more than one germ layer - teratogenous | Benign | Malignant |
| Totipotential cells in gonads or in embryonic rests | - Mature teratoma
- Dermoid cyst
| - Immature teratoma
- Teratocarcinoma (Embryonic carcinoma)
- Endodermal sinus tumour
- Non-gestational choriocarcinoma
|
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