Allama Iqbal Medical College(AIMC), Lahore
Anatomy
1.Draw n label microscopic structure of
Anatomy
a) Uterine tubes
b) Nephron
c) Intestinal glands
2.a) Name the congenital anomalies of the face?
b) role of ox genes
c) extrophy of urinary bladder
3. a) Account of course of facial art. On face name de arteries having torturous course & advantage of torturous course?
b) Internal jugular vein formation tributaries & termination
c) Formation of ansa cervicalis distribution & branches
4. a) Left anterior descending artery
b) Clinical significance in 90% occlusion
c) Lymphatic drainage of tongue
d) Note on ovarian fossa draw n label
e) Posterior relations of left kidney
5. a) Contents of posterior mediastinum n account of esophagus relations
b) Pudendal canal
c) Relation of terminal one third part of ureter
6. a) Pterygopalatine ganglion
b) Draw lateral wall of nose showing meatuses and chonchae
c) Draw n label extra hepatic billiary apparatus
d) Anal canal internal structure draw n label
e) Fistula in ano n how it is treated
Physiology
2..What is referred pain how r de pain receptors r stimulated?
3…Give a brief description of accommodation reflex? what is presbyopia?
4…Write short notes on
Thalamic syndrome
Lengthening reflex
5…Briefly discuss de functions of caudate circuit of basal ganglia. enlist important features of parkinsonism
6..What are the principle affects of rennin angiotensin aldosterone system on renal function
7..Give the mechanism of attenuation of sound by the middle ear. why is it important
8..Enlist de function of hypothalamus n give its role in regulation of body temp.
9..Define GFR n give a brief account of auto regulation of GFR
10..Give the role ascending reticular activating system I n sleep n wakeful cycle
11..Effect of cortisol on protein metabolism, difference b/w Cushing disease n Cushing syndrome
12..Write short notes on
Simmons disease
Addison disease
13.Give the role paratharmone in ecf calcium ion regulation
14.Discribe ovarian cycle with special emphasis on LH surge
15.Give a brief account of regulation of renal tubular h ion secretion
16.Namme diabetogenic hormones give metabolic function of insulin
17.What is counter current mechanism how it works in formation of concentrated urine
18.Define puberty what triggers the onset of puberty
Biochemistry
Write down the irreversible reactions of the glycolytic pathway. What is the biochemical explanation for cataract formation, retinopathy and peripheral neuropathy associated with hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?
Describe the Cori's cycle and its importance. Name any four enzyme activities residing in fatty acid synthetase multi enzyme complex. Name the enzyme defects in maple syrup urine disease, albinism, phenylketonuria and alkaptonuria.
Describe ketogenesis in liver. How are ketone bodies utilized in extra hepatic tissues.
Write down the reactions catalyzed by alanine aminotransferase, arginase, creatine kinase, dopamine hydroxylase. Describe sources of ammonia in body
What is the genetic code and write down its characteristics. what is the basic function of type I DNA topoisomerase? Describe any two types of covalent modifications in protein molecules following their synthesis
How does parathyroid hormone tend to increase plasma calcium concentration? Name the second messengers of Atrial natriuretic peptide, ACTH. Write down the steps for the synthesis of catecholamines from tyrosine
What do you understand by balanced diet and basal energy expenditure? enumerate any six factors affecting basal energy expenditure? Describe the buffering action of phosphate buffer system in kidney
Describe any four inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation with their specific mechanism and site of action. Enumerate the steps of PCR. write down the reactions of uric acid formation from Hypoxanthine.
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