Rawalpindi Medical College (RMC), Rawalpindi
Physiology
1. Write down composition of normal urine. Why don’t we pass albumin and glues in urine normally
Physiology
2. Enumerate various causes of metabolic acid, how it is compensated?
3. give a brief account of motor and sensory loss in patient with hemi section of spinal cord, below the level of lesion
4. Write down the components of reflex arc. Describe briefly lengthening reaction
5. Define pain. How will you differentiate neospinothalamnic tract from paleospinothalamic tract?
6. What changes occur in the eyes upon focusing a near object?
7. write notes on:
a) attenuation reflex
b) wernicks aphasia
8. How aldosterone secretion is regulated? What are the features of conn`s syndrome?
9. give in tabulated form the effect of epinephrine and nor epinephrine on the following:
a) heart rate
b) systolic blood pressure
c) diastolic blood pressure
d) total peripheral resistance
e) skeletal muscle blood vessels
10. outline various hormonal factors which tend to increase uterine contractility at the time of parturition
Anatomy
1. enumerate ectodermal, endodermal, and mesodermal derivatives of 1st pharyngeal arch
2. Give brief description of developments of mesonephros
3. Draw and label histological details of pancreas, how it differs from salivary gland?
4. What are the components of blood air barrier, how it helps in gaseous exchange?
5. give boundaries and contents of superior mediastinum
6. boundaries, contents and clinical significance of inguinal canal
7. what are different parts and surfaces of uterus, name its supports
8. Relations and blood supply of thyroid gland. How nerves are protected during thyroidectomy?
9. What is the course of mandibular nerve? Name its branches.
10. Name intrinsic muscles of larynx. How they help in expiration and phonation.
Biochemistry
1. a) in a person after hyperventilation ionic calcium serum level fall, how the parathyroid hormone is released in the blood and how it stimulates the release of calcium from bones at cellular level?
b) What is mechanism of action of group 1 hormones?
2. A man of 45 year was trapped under the rubble during earthquake in azad Kashmir without food and water. On the 3rd day how the 2 fuel substances for brain were synthesized. Explain and enumerate the steps.
3. a) Enumerate and explain disorders of Galactose metabolism
b) Name the enzymes of urea cycle in sequence
c) What is importance of oxidation of fatty acids in peroxisomes?
4. a) which biochemical disorders lead to gout?
b) Briefly describe the replication of DNA
5. a) Describe different types of cytochromes in respiratory chain. Also mention their functions and enzyme inhibitors
b) Describe ketoacidosis
6. a) Name and explain the lipoproteins which are important in the lipid profile of a heart patient
b) A patient’s blood chemistry reveals his cholesterol level 310mg/dl which biochemical measures should be taken to reduce his cholesterol level?
7. a) Give the steps of protein synthesis in eukaryotes
b) Write a note on:
i). Transcription
ii). tRNA and rRNA.
8. a) Write short notes on:
i). Phenylketonuria
ii). Maple syrup urine disease
b) Describe main features of balanced diet.
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